RESUMO
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Abstract Recent studies have reported the occurrence of thrombotic phenomena or coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19. There are divergent positions regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these phenomena, and current clinical practice is based solely on deductions by extension from retrospective studies, case series, observational studies, and international guidelines developed prior to the pandemic. In this context, the aim was to generate a group of recommendations on the prevention, diagnosis and management of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19. Methods: A rapid guidance was carried out applying the GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks and an iterative participation system, with statistical and qualitative analysis. Results: 31 clinical recommendations were generated focused on: a) Coagulation tests in symptomatic adults with suspected infection or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection; b) Thromboprophylaxis in adults diagnosed with COVID-19 (Risk scales, thromboprophylaxis for outpatient, in-hospital management, and duration of thromboprophylaxis after discharge from hospitalization), c) Diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications, and d) Management of people with previous indication of anticoagulant agents. Conclusions: Recommendations of this consensus guide clinical decision-making regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic phenomena in patients with COVID-19, and represent an agreement that will help decrease the dispersion in clinical practices according to the challenge imposed by the pandemic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Embolia e Trombose , Consenso , AnticoagulantesRESUMO
Introducción estudios recientes han reportado fenómenos trombóticos o coagulopatía en pacientes con COVID-19. Hay posiciones divergentes en cuanto a la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estos fenómenos, y la práctica clínica actual está basada únicamente en deducciones por extensión a partir de estudios retrospectivos, series de casos, estudios observacionales y guías internacionales desarrolladas previas a la pandemia. Objetivo establecer una serie de recomendaciones sobre prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de las complicaciones trombóticas asociadas a COVID-19. Métodos se desarrolló una guía rápida en la que se aplicó el marco de la evidencia a la decisión (EtD) de GRADE y un sistema de participación iterativo, con análisis estadísticos y cualitativos de sus resultados. Resultados se generaron 31 recomendaciones clínicas enfocadas a: a) Pruebas de coagulación en adultos sintomáticos con sospecha de infección o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2; b) Tromboprofilaxis en personas adultas con diagnóstico de COVID-19 (escalas de riesgo, tromboprofilaxis de manejo ambulatorio, intrahospitalario y duración de tromboprofilaxis después del egreso de hospitalización), c) Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones trombóticas y d) Manejo de personas con indicación previa a usar agentes anticoagulantes. Conclusiones las recomendaciones clínicas de este consenso orientan la toma de decisiones clínicas respecto a prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de fenómenos trombóticos en pacientes con COVID-19, y representan un acuerdo que ayudará a disminuir la dispersión en las prácticas clínicas acorde con el desafío que impone la pandemia.
Abstract Introduction: recent studies have reported the occurrence of thrombotic phenomena or coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19. There are divergent positions regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these phenomena, and current clinical practice is based solely on deductions by extension from retrospective studies, case series, observational studies, and international guidelines developed prior to the pandemic. Objective: to generate a group of recommendations on the prevention, diagnosis and management of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19. Methods: a rapid guidance was carried out applying the GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks and an iterative participation system, with statistical and qualitative analysis. Results: 31 clinical recommendations were generated focused on: a) Coagulation tests in symptomatic adults with suspected infection or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection; b) Thromboprophylaxis in adults diagnosed with COVID-19 (Risk scales, thromboprophylaxis for outpatient, in-hospital management, and duration of thromboprophylaxis after discharge from hospitalization), c) Diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications, and d) Management of people with previous indication of anticoagulant agents. Conclusions: recommendations of this consensus guide clinical decision-making regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic phenomena in patients with COVID-19, and represent an agreement that will help decrease the dispersion in clinical practices according to the challenge imposed by the pandemic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Consenso , Diagnóstico , COVID-19 , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea , Embolia e Trombose , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , AnticoagulantesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Perioperative anemia in patients with cancer is frequent and is associated with potential adverse outcomes. In association studies it was established that anemia changes the prognosis in some cases, being associated with a possible increase in the risk of disease progression and death. On the other hand, it has been proposed that immunomodulation secondary to transfusions favors metastasis and the disease`s recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To describe the current evidence on anemia, transfusions and other perioperative strategies for the management of patients with anemia and cancer taken to surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-systematic review of the literature that included articles on the perioperative management of anemic patients candidates for oncological surgery was performed. The main findings are described and the evidence is presented in favor of and against some strategies (other than red blood cell transfusion) to correct anemia. CONCLUSION: Optimization of the erythrocyte mass before surgery and the use of blood-sparing strategies should be considered in a comprehensive perioperative management.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La anemia perioperatoria en el paciente con cáncer es frecuente y se asocia a potenciales desenlaces adversos. En estudios de asociación se estableció que la anemia cambia el pronóstico en algunos casos, asociándose a un posible incremento del riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad y muerte. Por otra parte, se ha propuesto que la inmunomodulación secundaria a las transfusiones, favorece las metástasis y la recidiva de la enfermedad. OBJETIVOS: Describir la evidencia actual sobre la anemia, las transfusiones y otras estrategias perioperatorias para el manejo de los pacientes con anemia y cáncer llevados a cirugía. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura que incluyó artículos sobre el manejo perioperatorio de pacientes anémicos candidatos a cirugía oncológica. Se describen los principales hallazgos y se presenta la evidencia a favor y en contra de algunas estrategias (diferentes a la transfusión de glóbulos rojos) para corregir la anemia. CONCLUSIÓN: La optimización de la masa eritrocitaria antes de la cirugía y el uso de estrategias ahorradoras de sangre deben ser consideradas en un manejo perioperatorio integral.
